For or Since worksheet A2

For and since TEST

Complete the sentences with for or since.

1) She had lived there ……. 10 years when she decided to move back to the UK.

2) I’ve known her ……. 2 month now.

3) They have been good friends ……… their school days.

4) I went on a training course …….. 6 weeks.

5) They have been fighting the war …….. 6 years.

6) It has been the worst economic recession ………. 1929.

7) It has lasted …… about 4 years now.

8) He was without a job …. 3 months when he was hired by our company.

9) How long did you work there …… ?

10) It was just …… Christmas and then my contract finished.

11) We lived in Oxfordshire …….. we were little but now we live in Bradford.

12) They have been dating …. about a year now.

13) I haven’t seen him ….. we left college.

RESULTS:

1) She had lived there for 10 years when she decided to move back to the UK.

2) I’ve known her for 2 month now.

3) They have been good friends since their school days.

4) I went on a training course for 6 weeks.

5) They have been fighting the war for 6 years.

6) It has been the worst economic recession since 1929.

7) It has lasted for about 4 years now.

8) He was without a job for 3 months when he was hired by our company.

9) How long did you work there for ?

10) It was just for Christmas and then my contract finished.

11) We lived in Oxfordshire since we were little but now we live in Bradford.

12) They have been dating for about a year now.

13) I haven’t seen him since we left college.

Should, can, have to Worksheet

Should/shouldn’t, Can/Can’t, Have to/don’t have to

Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of the structures above:

I…………………… eat more fruit and vegetables. (recommended)

I………………………. take a regular exercise. (recommended)

You……………………….. stress too much. (not recommended)

People ………………………be rude to each other. (opinion)

My children …………………….eat a lot of sweets. (not allowed)

I …………………………………take a bus to work. (necessary)

I ……………………… park my car at a company car park. (allowed)

Drivers ……………………..drink and drive. (not allowed)

You ………………… smoke on a bus. (not allowed)

You …………………. wear a seat belt when driving. (obligation)

You………………….. use a mobile phone when driving. (not allowed)

I ………………………drive my son to work every day. (necessary)

He ……………….. go to work by public transport. (necessary)

I …………………..start work at 8am every day. (obligation)

We …………………… get up early at weekends. (not necessary)

You ……………. be 18 and over to be eligible to vote in general election. (obligation)

I ……………….. book my holiday in advance. (necessary)

We ………….. drink alcohol at work. (not allowed)

I ………………bring my packed lunch every day. (necessary)

I …………………….wear a suit every day. (not necessary)

RESULTS

I should eat more fruit and vegetables. (recommended)

I should take a regular exercise. (recommended)

You shouldn’t stress too much. (not recommended)

People shouldn’t be rude to each other. (opinion)

My children can’t eat a lot of sweets. (not allowed)

I have to take a bus to work. (necessary)

I can park my car at a company car park. (allowed)

Drivers can’t drink and drive. (not allowed)

You can’t smoke on a bus. (not allowed)

You have to wear a seat belt when driving. (obligation)

You can’t use a mobile phone when driving. (not allowed)

I have to drive my son to work every day. (necessary)

He has to go to work by public transport. (necessary)

I have to start work at 8am every day. (obligation)

We don’t have to get up early at weekends. (not necessary)

You have to be 18 and over to be eligible to vote in general election in the UK. (obligation)

I have to book my holiday in advance. (necessary)

We can’t drink alcohol at work. (not allowed)

I have to bring my packed lunch every day. (necessary)

I don’t have to wear a suit every day. (not necessary)

Future

Talking about future plans and intentions

Will and Won’t

We use ‚will/won’t‘ when we expect something to happen or when we decide to do something.

Examples:

It will be nice weather in the summer. (It could rain though)

I will apply for a new job soon. (I want to apply for a job)

They’ll get married soon. (I expect them to get married, they themselves didn’t say they would)

You won’t get a pay rise from your boss! (The boss doesn’t like you and he is frugal, so do not expect a pay rise)

He won’t fail his exams. (I would be disappointed if he did)

Will you visit Scotland this year? (Did you think about going to Scotland for a trip this year)

Planning to

We say ‚planning to‘ when you think and plan to do something but not certain you’ll do it.

Examples:

I’m planning to buy a new car next year. (I’m saving money and looking which cars I can buy with it but not sure when I’ll buy it)

He’s planning to go to university. (He is thinking about it at present)

We’re planning a holiday in Greece next summer. (We are going around travel agents making enquiries)

She is not planning to buy a new computer soon. (The old one is still OK, so there is no need to check the market for new models)

Are you planning to move abroad? (Are you making arrangements to move to another country?)

Would like to

I have a wish to do something but DO NOT work to make it happen.

Examples:

I would like to buy a new bicycle. (I want a new bicycle but I am not saving money towards it!)

You’d like to learn Spanish. (It’s only a dream now; no intentions to go to the Spanish classes)

We would like to move flats. (We want it but we don’t search for different flats)

They would like to go on holiday to Thailand. (It’s their dream holiday destination)

I wouldn’t like to go to jail. (It’s not my favourite destination)

Q: Would you like to come with me to the wedding? (Offering somebody something)

A: Yes, I would. or No, I wouldn’t.

Going to

I am working on something to happen and its probability is about 70-80%.

Examples:

I’m going to visit my parents next week. (I am decided to go there but something can change my plan)

She’s going to apply for that job she saw in the papers. (She is writing her CV and is likely to post it)

We are going to get married next year. (We are decided to get married not do not know the exact date yet)

The car is going to crash into the wall. (Collision is imminent)

They are not going to visit me at home. (They have no intentions to come to my place)

Are you going to go to university after college? (Do you really really want to study at university?)

Present continuous tense for future arrangements

To say that something is 99.9% certain. Something was already arranged.

No doubt the intended action will happen.

Examples:

I’m flying to Madrid next Tuesday. (I have got a plane ticket for next Tuesday)

He’s playing football this weekend. (The match is arranged for the coming weekend)

She’s going to university in September. (She passed the exams and will start university in September)

We’re getting married next June. (The date is set)

They are not going to Spain on holiday. (They are going elsewhere and they have it arranged)

The bus is leaving at 6 o’clock. (The timetable says it will depart at 6 o’clock)

Are you leaving your job? (Did you hand in your resignation?)

Past perfect simple

We use past perfect simple to say that some action happened before other action in the past.

It is also known as ‚earlier past‘ .

Form:

Had + past participle

Examples:

I had left my old job before I started to look for a new one.

When I woke up I realised that I had had too much to drink the night before.

You had known him for 10 years when he died in a car crash.

He woke up to find out that he had left his wallet on a late night bus.

When she called home her dad told her that her mum had been taken to hospital with a concussion.

The film we saw last weekend was more enjoyable than we had previously imagined.

The show had been on stage for 3 years when they decided to change the actors.

Negative sentences:

had not + past participle

Examples:

I hadn’t heard about her before she married that famous director.

I hadn’t had much teaching experience before I got this teaching job 2 years ago.

He hadn’t asked for her phone number until last week.

The sighting of that endangered species of bird hadn’t been confirmed until last weekend.

She hadn’t slept for two days when she decided to see her doctor about that.

Questions:

Had I/you etc. + past participle

Examples:

Had I known her before the accident last year?

Had you been to Italy before your business trip last month?

Had you known your wife for long before you got married?

Had he been a soldier before he started work in the gym?

Had she had any children when she met Tom?

Had they already had a car when they bought that new one?

We also use Past perfect simple with 3^rd conditional.

We use 3^rd conditional to talk about things which were possible in the past but not at present.

Form:

If + past perfect, would + present perfect

Examples:

I had known about the homework, I would have done it by now.

If you had warned me about the boss’s bad mood, I wouldn’t have gone and told him about the glitch.

If we had known about his gambling problem, we would have tried to persuade him to get the professional help.

If the assassination attempt had not failed, the country would have descended into civil war.

Plenty, enough, too much/many

Plenty, enough, too much, too many

Plenty – sufficient for the purpose

Form:

have/has got + plenty of + noun + infinitive

Examples:

I’ve got plenty of money to buy a new PC.

You’ve got plenty of time to write the report.

He’s got plenty of friends to help you.

She’s got plenty of time to visit her friends this weekend.

We’ve got plenty of food to cook a dinner for six people.

They’ve got plenty of money to buy a new flat.

We DON’T use ‚plenty‘ in negative sentences or questions.

Enough – same as ‚plenty‘

Form:

adjective + enough + infinitive

Examples:

I’m old enough to drink alcohol.

You’re old enough to drive.

He’s smart enough to go to university.

She’s tall enough to reach the top shelf.

We’re happy enough to help you.

They’re rich enough to buy a new house.

Form:

enough + noun + infinitive

Examples:

I’ve got enough money to buy that book I want.

You’ve got enough time to visit me on Tuesday.

He’s got enough stamina to run a marathon.

She got enough sleep to feel fresh in the morning.

We had enough time to see all monuments in the city.

They will have enough time to visit their parents this weekend.

We also use ‚enough‘ in negative sentences and questions:

I haven’t got enough time to call you tonight.

Have you got enough time to call me tomorrow morning?

Did you have enough money to buy lunch?

I didn’t have enough money to buy the phone I wanted.

Has he got enough stamina to run a marathon?

He isn’t tall enough to reach the doorbell.

She isn’t old enough to drive.

Is she smart enough to study law?

Are we fast enough to run away?

We aren’t old enough to drink beer.

Have they got enough money to go on holiday?

They didn’t have enough time to finish the test.

Too much/ too many – more than enough (usually negative meaning)

We use ‚too much‘ with uncountable nouns.

We use ‚too many‘ with countable nouns.

Examples:

There are too many people on the bus today.

There were too many emails to answer.

There is too much noise in the pub tonight.

There is too much snow on the road.

I have got too much to do this weekend so I can’t go out.

You had too many drinks last night.

He had too many car accidents.

She will have too many shoes one day.

We have got too many dogs.

They are too busy to write the report.

We can use ‚too much/too many‘ in negative sentences and questions but it is not very common.

When, as soon as, until, by, once

when, as soon as, until, by, once

When

asking about time (When do you come home from work?)

one action follows the other (I’ll do it when I get home.). It doesn’t say that one action follows the other immediately.

We use present simple tense after ‚when‘ but the meaning is for the future:

When I come home tomorrow, I’ll cook dinner for you.

Will you call me when you get that parcel, please?

When they build the house next year, we’ll move in.

As soon as

we use it to say one action happens right after another (immediately after another)

We use present simple tense after ‚as soon as‘ but the meaning is for the future:

Call me as soon as you arrive home. (immediately after you get home!)

I will make me a coffee as soon as I arrive at work (the first thing I’ll do at work in)

I’ll open the parcel as soon as I get home.

Until, till (till is informal)

a situation continues up to a certain moment:

They worked from 9 till 5 yesterday.

We didn’t come home until very late on Friday night.

is often used with negative verbs:

He didn’t do it until the boss told him.

We didn’t leave the house until my parents arrived.

We use present simple tense after ‚until/till‘ for the future:

I won’t open it until you come back.

We won’t go until you give us some money.

By

an action happens at/before a certain moment in future

the latest possible time when an action happens

They’ll repair my car by next Tuesday. (it will be done before next Tuesday)

I’ll finish this book by summer. (it can be earlier than that)

Send me your report by tomorrow. (tomorrow is the deadline)

Once

after, as soon as at once: immediately

it is often used with perfect tenses

Once you’ve passed the test, you can drive my car.

Once he had come home, he called his mum.

I’ll do it at once (immediately).

Must / Have to

Must and Have to

Must – a strong obligation (in present tenses), also used in formal notices

Examples:

I must get up early tomorrow.

You must clean your room today.

She must let him go.

People must not leave their bags unattended.

Have to – less strong obligation

Examples:

I have to leave early tomorrow to catch an earlier bus.

You have to call me about dinner sometime.

He has to ask his wife before he goes.

She has to pick her daughter up from the school.

In past tenses, we use only ‚had to‘ for talking about obligation

Examples:

I had to leave work early yesterday.

You had to write that email.

He had to call his mum.

She had to talk to him.

We had to meet the deadline.

They had to sell their house in the country.

For future obligations we use will have to

Examples:

I will have to go to the dentist’s soon.

You’ll have to book a table for Friday.

He’ll have to give the money back.

She’ll have to buy a new dress for the staff party.

We’ll have to take a taxi back home tonight.

They’ll have to change their holiday destination because of a hurricane

See, look at, watch

See – you notice/register something by chance

I saw a black cat crossing the road this morning.

Have you seen Mary recently?

Did you see that?

Or for ‚complete experience‘ :

Have you seen the latest James Bond movie?

Did you see that rugby game at the weekend?

Look at – you pay attention to see something

Look at me!

Don’t look at me like that.

All students look at the page no.69.

I looked at her and saw that she was crying.

Watch – similar to ‚look at‘; meaning: following an ongoing situation carefully

I don’t watch sport on TV very often.

She likes watching documentaries about nature.

Are you watching any good TV series at present?

Watch and learn, I’ll show you.

See, look at, watch Practice

See, look at, watch practice

1) Do you ever ………… sport live?

2) Did you ……….. Jenny last weekend?

3) We didn’t ………… each other for a long time.

4) Do you like …………. news on TV?

5) Can you come here and have a …………, please?

6) All students ……………. page 69, please.

7) Are you …………. any good TV series at the moment?

8) She ………… me and I could ……….. that she was crying.

9) I like …………out of the window when travelling by train.

10) Would you like to go and ……. a film in the cinema with me?

11) You should come here and ………. this. It’s very unusual.

12) Don’t …………….. me like that. It wasn’t my fault.

13) Have you ever …………… a lion?

14) Let’s wait and …………what happens, OK?

Results:

1) Do you ever watch sport live?

2) Did you see Jenny last weekend?

3) We didn’t see each other for a long time.

4) Do you like watching news on TV?

5) Can you come here and have a look, please?

6) All students look at page 69, please.

7) Are you watching any good TV series at the moment?

8) She looked at me and I could see that she was crying.

9) I like looking out of the window when travelling by train.

10) Would you like to go and watch a film in the cinema with me?

11) You should come here and see (look at) this. It’s very unusual.

12) Don’t look at me like that. It wasn’t my fault.

13) Have you ever seen a lion?

14) Let’s wait and see what happens, OK?

Was,were

To be (was, were) in past tense

Positive forms

I was

You were

He was

She was

It was

We were

They were

Examples:

I was a shop assistant.

You were a cook.

He was a teacher.

She was a nurse.

It was nice weather yesterday.

We were married.

They were on holiday in the US.

Negative forms

I wasn’t (was not)

You weren’t (were not)

He wasn’t

She wasn’t

It wasn’t

We weren’t

They weren’t

Examples:

I wasn’t (was not) at home last night.

You weren’t (were not) on holiday in Spain last year.

He wasn’t happy about the football score last Sunday.

She wasn’t sad about the loss of her old coat.

It wasn’t very nice weather last weekend.

We weren’t at work on Saturday.

They weren’t busy at work all of last week.

Question forms

Was I…………?

Were you……..?

Was he……..?

Was she…….?

Was it……….?

Were we…..?

Were they….?

Examples of questions and answers:

Were you at work last week? Yes, I was.

Were you busy on Monday? No, I wasn’t (was not).

Was he out last night? Yes, he was.

Was he happy with his test results? No, he wasn’t.

Was she good at maths at school? Yes, she was.

Was she ill last winter? No, she wasn’t.

Was it OK? No, it wasn’t.

Were we at home on Sunday? Yes, we were.

Were we in Spain in summer? No, we weren’t (were not).

Were they married before? Yes, they were.

Were they on holiday last month? No, they weren’t.

RESULTS:

Should/shouldn’t, Can/Can’t, Have to/don’t have to

Talking about future plans and intentions

Past perfect simple

Negative sentences:

Questions:

We also use Past perfect simple with 3rd conditional.

Plenty, enough, too much, too many

Plenty – sufficient for the purpose

Enough – same as ‚plenty‘

Too much/ too many – more than enough (usually negative meaning)

when, as soon as, until, by, once

When

asking about time (When do you come home from work?)

one action follows the other (I’ll do it when I get home.). It doesn’t say that one action follows the other immediately.

As soon as

we use it to say one action happens right after another (immediately after another)

Until, till (till is informal)

a situation continues up to a certain moment:

By

an action happens at/before a certain moment in future

the latest possible time when an action happens

Once

Must and Have to

Must – a strong obligation (in present tenses), also used in formal notices

Have to – less strong obligation

In past tenses, we use only ‚had to‘ for talking about obligation

For future obligations we use will have to

See, look at, watch

See – you notice/register something by chance

Look at – you pay attention to see something

Watch – similar to ‚look at‘; meaning: following an ongoing situation carefully

See, look at, watch practice

Results:

To be (was, were) in past tense

Positive forms

Negative forms

Question forms

We also use Past perfect simple with 3^rd conditional.